Your doctor may manipulate your joints or feel for tenderness over your SI joint. You may be asked to stand or move in different positions and point to where you feel pain. There are specific tests to determine whether the SI joint is the source of pain. Your physician will consider all the information you provided, including any history of injury, location of your pain, and problems standing or sleeping. Evaluation includes a medical history and physical exam. How is a diagnosis made?Ī medical exam will help determine whether the SI joint is the source of your pain. Autoimmune diseases, such as axial spondyloarthritis, and biomechanical conditions, such as wearing a walking boot following foot/ankle surgery or non-supportive footwear, can lead to degenerative sacroiliitis. Uneven movement may occur when one leg is longer or weaker than the other, or with arthritis in the hip or knee problems. Sacroiliac joint pain can occur when movement in the pelvis is not the same on both sides. This can occur as the result of a fall, work injury, car accident, pregnancy and childbirth, or hip/spine surgery (laminectomy, lumbar fusion). The SI joint can become painful when the ligaments become too loose or too tight. Pain can be worse with transitional movements (going from sit to stand), standing on one leg or climbing stairs. Some people have difficulty riding in a car or standing, sitting or walking too long. Often the SI joint is painful sitting or sleeping on the affected side. Symptoms may worsen with sitting, standing, sleeping, walking or climbing stairs. Patients may also experience numbness or tingling in the leg or a feeling of weakness in the leg. While the pain is usually one sided, it can occur on both sides. The signs and symptoms of SI pain start in the lower back and buttock, and may radiate to the lower hip, groin or upper thigh. Other terms for SI joint pain include: SI joint dysfunction, SI joint syndrome, SI joint strain and SI joint inflammation. Chronic SI joint pain persists for more than three months it may be felt all the time or worsen with certain activities. Acute SI joint pain occurs suddenly and usually heals within several days to weeks. Sacroiliac joint pain ranges from mild to severe depending on the extent and cause of injury. This type of joint has free nerve endings that can cause chronic pain if the joint degenerates or does not move properly. The SI joint is a synovial joint filled with fluid. When the cartilage wears down, the bones may rub together causing pain (Fig. As we age our bones become arthritic and ligaments stiffen. There is a very small amount of motion in the joint for normal body flexibility. Strong ligaments and muscles support the SI joints. The sacroiliac joints connect the base of the spine (sacrum) to the hip bones (ilium).
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